the world of the Gospel

The original world of the Jews was the region of Canaan, which was surrounded by the priesthood of the rich agricultural region between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the northeast, the priesthood of Egypt in the Nile basin in the south, and the not yet developed Greek cultural area in the northwest. Canaan itself, on the other hand, was a barren area in which service was the main means of subsistence. Life there was determined by what we would call 'international road traffic', but that traffic was still on foot during the time of the patriarchs and long afterwards. In the country where life was most moving, people had the most time to talk to each other. And their thinking was followed by former priests. They wrote a textbook based on interpersonal interactions. This came to an end with the rise of seafaring in the middle of the last millennium BC. The seafarers brought other cultures ashore that officials had no idea about and could do nothing with. Prophets spoke in Judah. Among them the idea of 'God -salvation' (Elisha) arose. And 'Nebuchadnezzar' destroyed her temple in 586 BC. Assyrians acted for the preservation of YHWH. The priests of Babylon organized the consultation into transcendent priestly authority. The latter ended in a general confusion of tongues.

In those days, the Greek thinker Heraclitus (535-480 BC) gained a lot of attention among literate people with his 'doctrine of logos'. By stripping every opinion of its distracting arguments, the truth emerges. In the long run, every division must give way to a higher unity. This doctrine formed the basis of 'Orthodoxy' (the pure doctrine); in which the 'Johannes' movement emerged. The Gospel of John is the definitive testimony of it and dates from about 100 AD. The Persian king Darius (521-485 BC) was a contemporary of Heraclitus. His involvement was aimed at preserving the priesthood. The 'second temple' of Jerusalem was built under his mandate. Typically, priests do not participate in global traffic. They live in seclusion and derive their authority from heavenly contemplations and from considerations of good and evil. With moralism they find a hearing among the people and with justice a priesthood places itself above the parties. Legislation forms the basis for any power of expression. The Babylonian deity 'Marduk' was translated as 'Merodech' in Hebrew. And following the example of the Persians, who used the 'Awesta' as legislation, the priests of Judah displayed the 'ToRaH'.

The Persians were expelled in the years 334-323 BC by an army of Macedonians led by Alexander the Great. That triumphal procession mainly had to do with the use of horses, which was new at that time. Not much changed spiritually. A distinction was only made between the different cultural areas. The empire of the 'Seleucides' was actually no different from the ancient priestly kingdom of 'Shem'. But the old agricultural area no longer existed and therefore no administrative unity. In terms of priestly authority, the country was almost endlessly divided. The priestly kingdom of 'Japheth' had never really participated before. It gained allure with the 'Greeks'. The prophetic movement of 'Elisha' of Judah joined in. She established her rule over the entire eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea as far as Italy. “Canaan” was translated into Greek as “Phoenicia.” Where 'Canaan' was once the homeland of Jews, they had to leave as Phoenicians. The western part of the Mediterranean became their new living area. I can't say more here, but it does make me suspicious. Because throughout history, name changes have proven to be an effective means of concealing criminal activity. And what is not really discussed is the southern continent that was called 'the kingdom of the Ptolemies' after Alexander's actions. The society of 'Septuagint' was founded within this cultural area of ancient Egypt. Around 250 BC, 'seventy' scholars set out to translate the textbook given to the Phoenicians by the Hebrews for the benefit of other peoples in the world. Their work was not completed until 132 BC; the society could be dissolved. And the original Gospel was also written in Egypt.

 

'the Roman Empire was founded from Jerusalem'

 

One of the most remarkable stories in our history books is that of the 'Punic' Wars, in the second half of the third century. They were taken from Rome and Carthage. Rome was part of a guard cordon around the empire of the Etruscans, who had settled from the Middle East; in the center of Italy between the rivers Arno and Tiber with the Apennine mountains at their back. They were landlords, it is said, but nothing is written about land management. They showed themselves to be rulers in everything. Rome served as the gateway to their rule. Carthage was an outport of the shipping company based in the land of Israel. The city itself was strategically located on the northern coast of Africa opposite the island of Sicily. Carthage oversaw the passage to the western basin of the Mediterranean Sea. That so-called war started in the year 218/217 BC from Carthage with an inspection tour by Hannibal accompanied by an elephant. The journey passed through the entire area of the Phoenicians' habitat around the western basin of the Mediterranean Sea. The rulers of Rome apparently understood what was meant. They paved the way through the south of Italy to meet each other. It had to be a large body with four separate legs. And the most obvious candidate has already announced himself. The descendants of Alexander the Great had experience in keeping a large flock together; had the organs of hearing and investigation. They also demonstrated understanding, decisiveness and determination; showed the capacity for far-reaching control. However, they were told that they were not welcome here.

Greek supremacy was only advocated by the authorities of Antioch. It was not until 198 BC that the priesthood of Judah joined it. But after just one generation, internal resistance arose against this because of the transcendent Greek philosophy of life. In 167 BC this resistance took shape under the name 'Maccabees'. They waged a high-level battle. The common people bore the burden of this. It decapitated Jewish thinking. The most important elements of this resistance are found in the Gospel under the names of 'Matthew', 'John', 'Simon' and 'Judas'. The 'Maccabees' in particular needed a body that would uphold their priesthood and at the same time provide oversight of the world. They opted for order and authority, given the existence of fanatics within their ranks; and appealed to the rule of Rome in 163 BC. The symbol of the elephant was also used by the priesthood of Judah. The religious mentality of Rome was closely related to that of Galilee. Where in Galilee people spoke of 'Baal' (the deity of the earth), Romans spoke of 'Demetrius'. Both deities stood in great contrast to 'Apollo', the exalted deity of the Greeks.

The covenant between Jerusalem and Rome was only concluded in 64 BC. It was confirmed with the kingship of 'Herod', which established the territory of ancient Israel as a Roman province called 'Judea'. Since then, efforts have been made to establish one great empire. The inspection tour of Gaius Julius Caesar from 58 to 52 BC in Gaul follows on from this. Caesar explored the outskirts of Gaul for the possibilities of war and peace within the natural boundaries of the Alps, the Rhine basin and the endlessness of the sea; and reported to the Senate of Rome. Afterwards, Caesar was part of a triumvirate that focused on bringing together the three separate worlds in the Middle East; and that where Galilee was the designated meeting center. Caesar himself took care of the import from the Ptolemies, but was murdered as early as 44 BC. Two years later the murderers were overthrown by a new triumvirate. Augustus was the most respected among them. He was appointed successor to Caesar in 27 BC and was given the title 'Caesar'; the title that is understood as 'emperor' in our language area. Augustus died in 14 AD. C. and Tiberius succeeded him. The imperial residence was established on 'the Sea of Galilee'. The lake was therefore also called 'the Lake of Tiberius'. There the captains of the world fished; to gather into their nets whatever pleased them; as said at the beginning of the Gospel. The twelve 'disciples' or 'apostles' were also included.

 

the 'Gospel' based on 'Jewish beliefs'

The evangelical belief of 'YHWH savior' was not new. It already existed in the time of Moses; witness the book 'Joshua' that has since been actively present in the survival of Israel. Faith does not express itself verbally; is expressed in attitudes and actions. Faith does not lend itself to discussion; is neither a science nor a doctrine. It only has to do with confidence in life and can only be influenced by what is visible on earth. Nor is faith a personal conviction, It moves with life; is not controversial and only resists when captains want to determine life. After all, if life is not freely changeable, it is no longer life. Believing Jewishly is actually no different than trusting the life we have been given. The Gospel of 'YHWH redeemer' was preceded by the appearance of 'John' (YHWH has been gracious). This was a position within 'the house of Elisha' (Elisabeth), the prophetic authority that spread from Judah over the world of those days with priestly delusions of grandeur. On the basis of the doctrine of 'God-Redeemer' (Elisha), the 'pure doctrine' movement (orthodoxy) arose among the clergy in those days. To the west of the Sea with its imperial residence lay the region of Galilee; with to the east of it the land of the Gadarenes. 'Joshua' (YHWH is Salvation) performed on both sides of it.

When we think of 'Galilee' we have to imagine the hustle and bustle of a commercial area with a mixed population. The Israelites who lived there were marked with the names 'Zebulun' (resignation), 'Aser' (heavenly happiness), 'Issachar' (man of wages), 'Naphtali' (struggle for life) and 'Dan' (law institution). . Here Judah tried to gain a foothold with Simon Peter as a renewed audience. This was accompanied by the decisiveness of Judas with which the 'Gadarenes' were defeated. 'Mattatias' (gift from YHWH) was the battle motif; the movement of 'John' (YHWH is gracious) is the result. That grace was proclaimed with 'baptism'. For the rest, this showed only a meager picture, which was called 'poor shelter' (Beth-Ananja'). The name 'Gadarenes' was taken from Gadara, the most important of ten priestly locations. They were granted the right of self-government by the Roman government in 4 BC. This also applied to the priesthood of Judah. The emperor had no involvement in it. Instead of 'Beth-lehem' (house with bread), the people there had to rely on 'Beth-fage' (house with figs); her shelter was called 'Bethany' (house of poverty). Before 'Joshua' was crucified, Tiberius had already left his residence; Pilate acted as governor for him. Tiberius died in 37 AD. C. His successor settled as emperor in Rome and was mockingly called 'Calligula' (soldier's boot). The Romans were and still are depicted as soldiers. However, they were rather peacemakers; as evidenced by the slogan 'Pax Romana' that has been their motto for at least three centuries. And Roman law still forms the basis of our chosen legal system, which was very different from the priestly legislation of old. The Romans also showed themselves to be particularly skilled in building connecting roads. They acted as 'bridge builders'.

The original Gospel was a Jewish document. It was written in Aramaic. The name 'Jesus' is called by linguists a corruption of the Hebrew 'Joshua'. The Gospel carries with it the religious attitude of 'YHWH - salvation'. The 'Gospel of Mark' is the oldest that we know. It was built around 65 AD. C. written from a Jewish religious community in Egypt. It is socially oriented. The Gospel of 'Matthew' followed around 80 AD. C. with a version that matched the religious life in Judah. It is church-oriented. About five years later, a religious community in the Seleucid area protested against this with the gospel of 'Luke'. And then with Lucas it chose its own path in an ethical direction. The fourth gospel is that of John. It is dated to around 100 AD. C. and is fully attuned to the development of 'Orthodoxy', the purity of doctrine. It transcends earthly reality and no longer has anything to do with Jewish faith. The first three Gospels show many similar texts. Researchers have therefore placed them in a 'synopsis' to facilitate mutual comparison and to gain insight into the document that apparently underlies them. The result is called 'primordial Marcus'. But if one then tries to reproduce this 'original Mark', one obtains a document that is fragmented, so that one can conclude that in the two other Gospels texts were not only added, but also omitted. However, this does not prevent us from writing an overview below of what the 'original Marcus' shows us. Because Jews are pragmatic. When problems arise, they do not consult the authorities, but turn to their loved ones and hold meetings to ask 'what can we do about it?'.

Tacitus, Roman historian in the second half of the first century, gave the first Christians the definition of 'bond of hospitality'. Roman landlords opened their estates to the care of the sick and needy. Mark's Gospel is the only Gospel that corresponds to that definition. This definition is probably common knowledge among church authorities, because it cannot be ignored. But apparently it is too radical for them to be adopted. And actually one cannot believe that this was ever true, because church Christianity did not yet exist at that time. Only with the appearance of Emperor Constantine in the fourth century AD did Christianity as a priesthood and church organization get off the ground. Previously, the Roman Empire existed as an umbrella organization for a residential area that was strongly divided religiously and culturally. Through the priesthood of Judah, the autonomy of each area was recognized and mutual coordination and possible unification was entrusted to the Roman emperor. The emperor fulfilled this task with the help of 'episcopes' in the various regions of the empire, so that he remained informed of all local developments in the field of religion. As early as 49 AD. C. Emperor Claudius knew of the existence of the above-mentioned alliance. He spoke of a development that was dangerous to the state and which Rome could not accept. Subsequently, Emperor Nero took the final measures to prevent the 'Gauls' from ever regaining control in Rome. Historical research in the 1950s states that this alliance only survived in North Africa. And at the end of the seventies I became aware of her conclusion that nothing can be proven about the stories of martyrdom and Christian persecution in the first three centuries of Christianity. The martyrdom stories were probably only introduced in the tenth century with the institution of the holiday 'All Saints'.

 

the generally accepted gospel of 'Mark'

 

The Gospel of Mark is generally known, so I think the overview below will suffice. The Gospel was written because of the religious institution of 'YHWH salvation' (Joshua). with 'Son of God' was declared as coming from heaven (Mk 1:1). 'John' means 'YHWH is gracious' and 'Baptist' refers to the prophetic movement of 'Elisha' (God-salvation). All Judah took part in it. She was focused on a future of spiritual salvation (Mk1:2-8). The institution of Nazarenes in Galilee intervened; declared that the Jewish belief of 'YHWH salvation' was still the same (Mk1:9-11). John's actions proved how misleading and satanic religion can be (Mk1:12-15). At the Sea of Galilee, captains were trying to secure the largest possible share of authority for themselves. The Jewish community saw itself placed within an environment whose tenor was determined by a prophetic institution (Mk 1:16-20).

People still had to learn how to deal with that. Jewish consultation normally concerned problems with created reality. Spiritual problems are only invented and difficult to refute (Mk1:21-31). “Joshua” cared about the demon-possessed; preached in the synagogues of Galilee; and stood up for those who were socially outcast (Mk1:32-44). In the area of the church it is made very difficult for believers to remain realists. Sin doctrine, authority services, hypocrisy, asceticism are the opposite of problem solving tools. Nor can social innovation be achieved through authority. If you want to develop a new spirit of the times, you must first create a different mentality. One will not get far if one does not break existing laws and rules. New authority arises on the Sabbath (Mk2:21-28).

A person who has never come to the fore before can hardly be left to his own devices at his first appearance. However, this was regarded as a privilege by the community of that time (Mk3:1-5). Reactionaries opted for strengthening authority. One would expect that this would mean distancing oneself from belief in 'YHWH-savior'. The opposite was true; she was declared to come from God and the priestly tribute was henceforth dedicated to 'Son of God' (Mk3:6-15). The 'disciples' saw themselves promoted to 'apostles'; their authority under 'twelve' names: From Peter to Judas, from steadfastness to betrayal; with boastfulness (Baonerges), manliness (Andreas). and military display (Philipp).; controversial (Bartholomew). as divinely given (Matthew); ambiguous (Thomas). and deceitful (James). in four more ways (Mk3:16-19). Meetings were only held within our own circle; people no longer had time for social life. Supporters did not know where they stood; opponents added a devilish statement (Mk3:20-22). But 'YHWH redeemer' made them realize that control and power cannot exist on the basis of division. The pursuit must always be aimed at what is healing. In the long run, deceit does not last (Mk3:23-35).

A sower went out to sow. Some of the seed fell on the road and birds ate it. Another part fell on pavement, causing it to wither because it lacked depth. And some fell among thorns that choked it. Only what fell on good soil grew and blossomed; so that it became fruitful and multiplied. But whoever has ears must still want to hear (Mk4:1-9). This was not a parable that required explanation. Nevertheless, it was given for the sake of those who seeing do not see, and hearing do not understand (Mk4:10-20). We humans do not determine earthly existence. The earth itself is a living mechanism. Nor do we need to worry about the existence of the “Kingdom of God.” It comes about naturally, including the birds that nest in it. The problem with the Church is that it is never concerned with the well-being of the earth. It seeks its existence in the center of power; and predominates there until it needs 'YHWH redeemer' (Mk4:21-41).

On the other side of the Sea of Galilee, the 'Gadarenes' lived as monks in the desert; away from all human intercourse for the sake of an independent and purely spiritual existence. Self-flagellation served this purpose. The idea of 'YHWH redeemer' aroused conflicting emotions in them; they prayed to be allowed to stay in the desert. Possession is associated with an excess of religious lust. From on high, the possessed person throws himself into full life, but it remains unclear what he wants to add to it. Only in conversation with 'YHWH redeemer' does it become clear to us what they are saying (Mk5:1-15). Only captains think that people who remain silent have nothing to say; that they are not alive if they do not bring anything to the table. But caring people only stand up when they feel called to do so. And girls are already fully trained in caring at the age of 12 (Mk5:35-43). Within a society of only men, people do not listen to a religious institution such as that of 'YHWH savior'. Only those in need are open to it (Mk6:1-6). The 'Twelve' felt called. They were given power over unclean spirits, but they had no charge of their own. They were free to visit and free to go again. They preached, called for conversion, cast out devils, anointed the sick... But King Herod did not know what he heard. After all, he had already silenced 'Johannes'. Socially, the 'twelve' had very little to offer. This was provided with others (Mk6:7-44).

In front of a social care institution, 'the students' were confronted with their own church life. They were unable to keep their ship on course; also did not control life; and saw life as threatening. They were amazed that a church could be a quiet area; and that the city of Gennesareth could have been the ancient Jewish city of Chinnereth. Now it was only a city of those in need (Mk6:45-56). Pharisees and scribes from Jerusalem were in charge. They preached a world full of hypocrisy (Mk7:1-23). However, in addition to Syrians and Phoenicians, immigrants had also settled in the port cities of Tire and Sidon. A woman among them asked the believers of 'YHWH Savior' to free her daughter from an idea that was experienced as particularly bad. But this was difficult for the believers to begin, as so many children were still neglected among their own people. The woman simply said: Dogs also eat with children. But in Galilee and the region of the Gadarenes, the believers had to do much more (Mk7:24-37).

Social welfare is not a priority for church officials. The internal church discussion demands all their attention. No consideration is given to humanity. Solidarity is not experienced (Mk8:1-21). 'Bethsaida' means 'shelter for living'. There one cannot leave everything vague and leave it to those in power to say who we should be. Faith is essentially a commitment to life; and without it one does not really live. Life is not an experience of eternity. Every life has its own purpose (Mk8:22-38). 'Peter', 'James' and 'John' carried with them the meaning of 'steadfastness', 'deceitfulness' and 'heavenly grace' respectively. With 'YHWH redeemer' they saw themselves exalted and invested with supreme authority (Mk9:1-7).

A whole review has been added to this; which says that this is an illusion, based on expectations of scribes who do not have a realistic approach to life. Then madness is part of reality. The 'students' were not exempt from this either. For this one must be free from obsessive thoughts. Moreover, a therapy for this was already known at the time (Mc9.8-37). In particular, people who want to live in heavenly grace like 'John' know what annoyances are. They demonstrate an intolerance that makes life impossible (Mk9:38-50). The problem of divorce is an example of this. Regardless of the law, this is adultery. Let children be welcome, so that they can determine the future. Embrace them, because only through them can we make a better world possible. The current generation is no longer able to do that; she can be satisfied if she keeps to agreements. Her only contribution to a better world can still be: sharing wealth with the poor and then jointly bearing the burdens of the earth. People who live in prosperity simply cannot expect a better future to be theirs. Which does not mean that something like this is impossible (Mk10:1-27). Peter said, “We have left all for the Lord's sake.” But if that's the case, no one has to worry. In reality, however, they were on their way to Jerusalem, where the existence of 'YHWH savior' would be put to an end. James and John were even so foolish as to place their expectations on the future in the kingdom of heaven (Mk 10:28-41). However, the faith of 'YHWH redeemer' does not go further than service. one Follower had already lost his way in Jericho. He had nothing to do with the city of David, he only wanted to see what was going to happen (Mk10:42-52).

In Jerusalem, the religious attitude of 'YHWH redeemer' turned against the contrast between 'the house of figs' and 'the mountain of olives'. She also allowed herself to be carried by what was young and had never been worn. And whoever asked about it, was told that it was about liberation. 'Students' then provided the tribute; and with faith the temple was visited. But in 'the house of the poor' faith chose its abode. And the next day when they left this house hungry, the temple was cursed because it had not provided even figs. The temple was stripped of all trade to be the building for which it was originally intended (Mk11:1-17). Scribes and high priests did not know how to put an end to this act of faith. It proved to be very effective and was not aimed at anyone personally (Mk11:18-26). Where do you get the authority from? This was a question without justification, because it was not asked during John's appearance either (Mk11:27-33). The reprehensible spiritual management was recognized and the dependence of the people (Mk 12:1-12). The priesthood decided to investigate. Are Joshua's believers willing to pay taxes to Caesar? How do they answer the question of the resurrection as taught by Moses? What is the first commandment for them? (Mk12:13-31). The answer to the last question in particular required more reflection. What was the purpose of life, what one stood for. In any case, it was not that of scribes and the rule they devised. The difference between rich and poor was too great for that (Mc12:32-44).

A temple or church is nothing but a rich building made of stone. It will be torn down brick by brick. No one can say anything about when, it depends on how long people see a solution to their problems in rule. To this day, there are still many people who believe that authority should be permanent. And as many say: First there must be misery before people take stock and the Gospel becomes accessible to them. This happens when people meet and speak out for each other (Mk13,1-11). One cannot expect immediate peace if our current society collapses. Everyone will then seek refuge in their own existence and first want to have a view of what heaven offers. Only when religion turns for the better of the poor will we know that something has definitely changed. But when this will be remains unknown. However, it should not escape our notice (Mk13:12-37).

'Passover' was the annual commemoration of the passing; the day when the priesthood was once abolished in Egypt and that of Jerusalem remained. It also became 'the feast of unleavened bread'; sharing the possibility of life together without adding spiritual ideas. High priests and scribes considered how to prevent this. However, among the poor, this religious institution was already experienced as permanent (Mk 14:1-3). Spending money then became the problem. The religious institution itself must also remain visible as valuable when it spreads throughout the world as the 'Gospel' (Mk 14:4-9). The 'disciples' decided to celebrate 'Passover' and included the religious attitude of 'YHWH-savior'. She would henceforth be part of their table of authority. They were not aware that this was impossible and became a source of betrayal. Because spiritual existence was also discussed then; and this would cause bloody violence in the near future, because for the time being the prosperity of the Mount of Olives was chosen (Mk14:10-26).

All this was discussed to the annoyance of the church. They did not want to know that this also meant denying faith (Mk 14:27-31). And here is also the word 'oil press' (gethsemane).; the wealth at that time was in olives. In a time of trial, the 'disciples failed' (Mk14:32-41). All religious existence was put to an end at that time. This may well surprise us (Mk14:42-52). It is true that the high church authorities felt forced to hold a high council and initiate an investigation. But the witnesses contradicted each other, and faith itself had no power of speech. The high priest asked, Is this the anointed faith, which was produced by the blessed of God? He was answered: Yes, certainly, otherwise this performance would be different (Mk 14:53-62). The high priest heard a blasphemy in this, which had to be banished without further ado. The only way to do that is to make fun of it. And when the church institution was subsequently confronted about this, it denied being responsible for this. The 'cocktail behavior' was obvious (Mc14,63-72).
After internal church consultation, this entire event was submitted to the Roman government. When asked whether 'Joshua' represented Jewish authority, the answer was affirmative. And the accusation of priesthood was not answered (Mk 15:1-5). Consequently, the question was put to the people: Do you choose the old patriarchal institution that was put on hold at the time; or do you choose to be open to the latest Jewish happenings? The people themselves saw a third option and opted for the incumbent authority (Mk 15:6-8). And the governor, knowing that the accusation was false, asked: Can I therefore release the Jewish authority? But then the priesthood intervened; it moved the people to choose the old patriarchy (Mk 15:9-11). The question remained: What to do with the Jewish authority? The massive response followed: “Crucify him!” (Mk 15:12-14). This was the moment when 'the violence of the cross surfaced' (re 2 Kings 6:1-7). The 'crucifixion' was a treatment that prevents someone from assuming authority on their own. It took place on the skull. In every possible way the victim's mind was tormented and corrupted; until what was shouted was no longer intelligible and the spirit was given up (Mk 15:15-38).

But with that the temple also lost its prestige. The Roman government also understood that this meant the loss of a great asset. But only the female audience in Galilee was able to confirm this (Mk15:39-41). At that time, people in authority circles tried to save some of this ideology. Its grave was made the basis of new church existence. The 'bitterness' that had once been the bedrock of 'Joshua's' existence, manifested itself again into a prospect of expectation and the mother of faith (Mk 15:42-47). But on the first and best day they visited the tomb, they noticed that it was empty and that “Joshua the Nazarene” was not there. “He has risen and is going before you into Galilee!” This made people fear the worst. Already on the following Sunday it was said that Joshua had risen and appeared and had even cast out seven devils. Others had also seen something afterwards; different again and equally unbelievable (Mk 16:1-14). The 'students were also forced to tell their story. They acted as the true proclaimers of the Gospel; entirely in style and including what John the Baptist had once proclaimed (Mk16:15-18). And this is what we believers will have to accept (Mk16:19-20).

 

history of holocaust and christianity

'Holocaust' means 'total destruction', so that nothing remains. What is destroyed no longer matters. The word 'salvation' also carries the same meaning; it just depends on which side you look from. And if in Egyptian cultural terms the word 'Christ' (anointed) was added to 'Joshua', one can also read the meaning of 'abiding' in that. At the time of the Gospel, the priesthood had nothing left to lose. It was on the verge of collapse and saw its last chance for survival in the Roman Empire.

The original Gospel of Mark was written in the land of the Ptolemies and survived there as the Jewish Gospel. The emperorship of Trajan (98-117), Hadrian (117-138) and especially that of Marcus-Aurelius (161-180) were seen as highlights of Roman action. What is even more remarkable is that Trajan was no longer Roman and that Hadrian came from Spain. 'Marcus Aurelius' (the lauded Marcus) was the end result of both their efforts. 'Eusebius' (260-338), theologian and founder of the church history of Christianity, lived after Rome lost its imperial status. He concluded that the emperor had failed to build a reliable relationship with his supervisors in the various areas of the empire. Since then, the imperial succession has been determined by power struggles. Emperor Diocletian arrived in 284 AD. C. float to the top. He recognized the divisions in the empire and decided to adjust the administration. The emperor himself withdrew within the realm of Orthodoxy and established his seat in Istanbul. Milan became a second imperial city to supervise religious events in the rest of the empire. And in the area north of Gaul, which was first explored by Julius Caesar, the city of Trier was designated as imperial. The remaining area was Jewish or pagan. The episcopate of Rome was free to establish its own priestly kingdom.

From Trier as a base, Constantine built up his position as emperor in consultation with the entire clergy. And after he died in 324 AD. C. had achieved the status of general emperor, he organized 'the first ecumenical council' in Nicaea the following year. There, under the chairmanship of Emperor Constantine, the 'confession of faith' was approved as valid for all of Christianity. This “confession of faith” was written by Athanasius, patriarch of the city of Alexandria in Egypt. The Jewish community there was provoked with it. Her elder Arius could no longer remain silent. His protest was considered a heresy of 'Arianism'. And on that basis, Jews were henceforth persecuted. Population groups such as 'Goths', 'Vandals', 'Huns' and 'Moors' in the land of Ptolemies, Phoenicians and Gauls were fought for centuries as 'Arians'. Against this state of affairs arose in 351 AD. C. resistance. A synod of bishops decided that 'orthodoxy' was not acceptable to the West. In 353 AD C., the city of Trier was informed by imperial decree that the teachings of Athanasius could not apply to it either. And in 355 AD. C., the bishops of Rome and Milan were removed from office by Emperor Julian because of their high-handed actions. Julian was born in 361 AD. C. proclaimed universal emperor of East and West. He devoted himself to rediscovering the authentic Judeo-Christian faith. And with his 'rhetors' edict' he silenced men who wanted to make control their profession. As emperor, he still opted for a government based on input from below. But after his death in 363 AD. C. he was called 'Julian the Apostate' within Christianity. And this ecclesiastical judgment was never revoked; it still applies. In 374 AD C. Ambrose became bishop of Milan. The Church of Rome was founded by him; and as a 'church father' he went down in history. In 382 AD C. it was decided to revise the existing Bible translation. The result, the 'Vulgate', is still used by Rome as the basis for all its Bible translations. The teaching office of the Church was established in 387 AD. C. entrusted to Augustine. His church doctrine of the fall and grace became the official doctrine. Augustine also wrote 'de civitate Dei', a reflection on the struggle for power between the Church and the world. The highest right was granted to the Church because of its existence in communion with God. Since then the emperor has not made himself felt in the west and will probably never be seen again.

This is where the history of Western Christianity begins. At least that's what I'm inclined to say. But Western Christianity only emerged in the Middle Ages, because only then did it become a Church of believers. All that happened here was that the priesthood of Rome said goodbye to the emperor as intermediary with the world. It continued as an Episcopal society. The imperial supervisors of that time opted for the 'primacy' of the bishop of Rome, whom they first appointed from among themselves in a synod beforehand. After a pope dies, a new pope is elected by a representative assembly of bishops. This represents the faith aspect or attitude that requires and therefore receives the highest attention at that moment. It is made generally known in the name of the Pope. The list of pope names throughout history is well known. As far as I know, it can be found in every encyclopedia. She therefore offers us an overview of the Christian faith movement in western Europe; and thus on spiritual thinking through the ages. Pope Anastasius I (399-401) points out that not the emperor but the patriarch was the author of the Nicene Creed at the time. As pope he combated the theology and Biblical scholarship of 'Origen' (185-254). Pope Innocent I (401-417) focused on innocence; Boniface I (418-422) on beneficence; and Coelestinus I (422-432) on heavenly connection. Only Sixtus III (432-440) refers to an earlier existence; I suspect this has to do with church law. And finally, Leo I (440-461) refers to the priestly rule of Judah with 'lion'. I don't know when the list of popes was extended into the past. She starts with 'Peter', the church foundation in Galilee that was already laid from Judah in the second century before Christ and was supposed to be based on 'obedience (Simeon). The existence of monks is also based on an idea of Athanasius. He wrote the hagiography of 'Antony the Great'; by definition an ideal image of what monasticism should be. Under Pope Boniface I, this idea took shape in 418 on the basis of Germanic moralism and British privilege. It manifested itself in the face of Jewish life in Gaul. Pope Coelestinus I initiated its heavenly development in 429. In Ireland an extremely strict ascetic monkhood flourished, which was absorbed in 463 under the name 'Colombo' by the remnant of the Byzantine tradition of York in England.

The fight against the Gauls was resumed under the reign of Pope Leo I and was directed against the 'Huns' at the initiative of the Bishop of Orleans. This was followed by the conquest of France by the Merovingians under the leadership of Khlodovech, who was baptized as Clovis in 496, through the actions of the bishop of Reims. Rome itself at that time was a city in decline. The city regained its existence with the foundation of the Benedictine order in 529. Unlike the monks, the Benedictines sought higher things; they formed the higher clergy with which Pope 'Gregorius' gloried in England in 596. England became the base for the Christianization of mainland Western Europe with the help of Irish monks. At least that is what we were taught, but for the time being Christianization remained limited to higher classes and to non-Jewish areas. A priesthood at that time was an institution dedicated to the mediation and reconciliation of a sinful world with heaven. It existed in sublimity and therefore showed itself emphatically dissolved and free from all stains of the earth. And in this way it had to distinguish itself from the Jewish society on the Iberian Peninsula and Gaul.

Under the name 'Johannus' the popes immersed themselves in Orthodoxy. Captains were persuaded to do the right thing under the name 'Boniface'. And only when all this was recognized as 'sacral', 'religious', 'devoted to God' and 'given by God', did priestly rule make itself visible again with 'Leo II' (682-683).

The Carolingian dynasty came from the Ardennes, the area in which Willibrordus practiced apostolate. She created herself in the year 722 AD. C. credited to Rome with expelling 'the Moors' from the city of Poitiers. They then also settled in the cities of Orleans and Tours, which until then had been 'munster cities' with shared government. Completely unexpectedly, Pope 'Leo III' on Christmas night of the year 800 AD. C. the imperial crown was placed on the head of Charlemagne in Rome. By the way, Emperor Charlemagne only reigned for 14 years. He received all the support from England; and historians look back on his emperorship with great appreciation. His son, however, is called 'Louis the Pious' (814-840); which means nothing other than that he walked on the leash of Rome. I do not know enough of the pope names that follow to explain their meaning. So I leave them untranslated; and add to it what history tells of this period of priesthood.

816 – Stephen V – 817 – Paschal I – 824 – Eugenius – 827 – Valentius – 827 – Gregory IV – 844 – Sergius II – 847 – Leo IV – 855

This period is historically best known for 'the monastic reformation of Cluny'. The monks were bound by a strict disciplinary rule, which also emphasized the sublimity of their existence. The name 'Stephanus' fits in with this; it carries with it a tradition of anti-Semitism. At that time, Gaul was called a 'hotbed of destruction' by higher authorities. And it appears that during the reign of 'Paschalis' this appointment was shared by captains. In addition to this division between high spiritual and pernicious earthly authority, the division between secular and ecclesiastical authority also remained. Contrary to what is said in our history books, 'Lothair', son of Louis, was appointed assistant emperor by Pope 'Paschalis' as early as the year 823.

Through 'Lothair' the bond with England was maintained. The empire was not divided, the priestly kingdom was expanded in the German direction with Louis. Pope 'Eugenius' adjusted the church government in Rome accordingly for the sake of preserving dignity. Pope 'Gregory IV' took care of the sacrality as before and added the feast day of 'All Saints' in the year 835. Given all this, I may suspect that Pope Sergius II provided the foundation on which the papacy could continue as the priestly rule of 'Leo IV'. This was followed by a period of reconsideration of the values of the papacy and, as a result, its priestly rule was adjusted five times; until Pope Leo IX thought the time had come for reconnection with 'Orthodoxy' in the east in the year 1054. But all this is very probably less than half the truth, as the list of papal appointments shows. Not only the appointments of bishops, but also those of the Pope have been problematic for a long time, regardless of the existence or otherwise of a German emperor and a related 'investiture struggle'. In the years 1088-99, the sound that had once sounded in the years 222-230 with 'Urbanus' was heard again for the first time: The Church must be there 'for the world'.

'The first crusade' took place with the religious institution in the years 1096-99. It was a pilgrimage from 'the low countries', south of the large river area of Maas and Waal. For safety reasons, successful knights are included. But nothing stood in their way. The establishment of 'the order of the Johannines' and 'Knights Templar' in Jerusalem was the result. Both took up the exploitation of the city as a place of pilgrimage; both became filthy rich. The second crusade (1147-49) had a different thrust. Pope Eugene III then spoke. It was formed in the vicinity of Citeaux in the Burgundy of Franconia. The order of the Cistercians had established itself there in the year 1098. Young farmers were inspired by them; and started looking for new land. The 'holy land' was never reached.

The era of counterpause came to an end with intermission 'Urbanus III' (1185-87). Afterwards the temporary seat in Rome often remained empty. The Third Crusade (1189-92) was an innovative undertaking by a German emperor, an English and a French king, after Sultan Saladin decided to end Jerusalem as a place of pilgrimage in 1187. The trio did not get further than 'Nicea'. Mutual divisions played tricks on them, and the emperor lost his existence. Subsequently, both kings disputed each other's rulings in the land west of Gaul. But during these crusades the episcopal consultation of the 'Laterans' also took place in Rome. In the years 1123, 1139, 1179, and 1215 the bishops established their permanent decisions there. Its first exponent was the actions of Pope 'Innocent' (innocent, unapologetic) in the years 1179-1180. changed, they started talking about 'children's crusades'. People didn't really believe in it. French speakers called it the naivety of gullible souls who are shipwrecked and otherwise sold as slaves. German speakers: a simultaneous deployment shows an underestimation of the difficulties; childishly faithful souls perish in hardship even before they reach enemy territory. Nevertheless, Pope Innocent III was generally recognized as pope in the year 1198. With him the institution of the 'Inquisition' was born. He himself lived until the year 1216.

1198 – Innocentius (innocent); 1216 – Honorius (honorable); 1227 – Gregory (sacral); 1241 – Coelestinus (heavens)

1243 – Innocentius (innocent); 1254 – Alexander (vigorous); 1261/62 – Urban (for the world); 1264 – Clement (compassion); 1268

1271 – Gregory (sacral); 1276 – Innocentius (innocent); 1276 – John (theosophical) – 1277

1276 – Nicolaus (beneficial); 1280 – Martinus (joint government); 1285 – Honorius (honorable); 1287/88 – Nicolaus (beneficial); 1292

1294 – Coelestinus (heavens); 1294 – Boniface (beneficial);– 1303 – Benedict (beneficial); 1304/05 – Clemens (compassion); 1314

Inquisition' was new; a papal “court” was meant. She was part of a church reorganization, which said goodbye to the previous administrative church. The English king withdrew in 1215, whereby the English landed nobility was solemnly urged by 'Magna Charta' to secure the kingship for the future, which of them would then be obliged to do so. The inspiration from above was no longer provided by multifunctional persons or monks. The bishops return to their original duties. For the benefit of the highest priestly body, she oriented herself to the faithful existence in her own dioceses. And the interim governing body was originally going to be supported by four working groups, powerfully marked with the letters C. A. I. M.

  1. the Order of Carmel takes care of the church liturgy in particular.
  2. Augustinians focus on consistency between religious doctrine and the Bible.
  3. 'Inquisition'; the Dominicans were charged with it.
  4 . 'Brothers (Friars) Minor' provided care for ordinary believers.
Mount Carmel is located in the land once inhabited by Israel. From that mountain, 'Elijah' once looked forward to what the future would bring. The clear choice here was to re-align with the Bible. Luther was part of that order three centuries later. The Dominicans focused their research on Jewish existence in Gaul and Spain. The 'Order of Franciscan Friars Minor' (OFM) was the first time that attention was paid to the existence of ordinary people of faith.

Thomas Aquinas made a name for himself within the Inquisition in 1261-64. He stated in writing why he rejected the Moorish philosophy of life. This was followed by his 'Summa theologica' in 1267-73; that formed the basis for the development of modern theology. His colleague, Meister Echhart (1260-1327), rejected the work, pointing out that doing theology is essentially different from being religious. Nevertheless, within the Inquisition the Jewish religious community in Gaul was seen as having been founded by Peter Valdes, a merchant in Lyon. As 'Waldenses' its members were denounced, persecuted, expelled, expelled. Historians also see this performance as the last 'crusade'.

The papal seat, on the other hand, was moved from Rome to Jewish territory in the year 1309. This was accompanied by a show of compassion; and only after 120 years was the papal seat returned to Rome.

1305 –  Clement (compassion); 1314/16 – John (theosophical); 1334 – Benedict (eloquent) -1342

1342 –  Clement (compassion); 1352 – Innocent (uninhibited); 1362 – Urbanus (for the world); 1370 – Gregory (sacral); 1378

1378 – Clement (compassion); 1394 – Benedict (eloquent); 1423 – Clement (compassion); 1429 – Benedict (eloquent) 1430

During the time of the papal stay in Avignon, the 'hundred years' war' raged. The reason for this had existed since the 'third crusade'. The war concerned English land management in the territory of the Franks. However, the years 1337 and 1453, mentioned as the beginning and end, are completely arbitrary. Hostilities started earlier and lasted longer. The war took place exclusively on French territory. The English king participated as 'John without a country'. At least that's what he was called in Flemish. Because in England itself there was no land ownership yet. And in France it was again up for discussion. The meeting in Avignon reflected on original Christianity and thus encountered the introduction of land ownership in the sixth century by the local episcopate for the benefit of the rule of the Franks. History tells that when they left Avignon, the Carolingian royal family was restored. And in 1435, Carolingians and Burgundians together found a way to deal with this problem. But the English did not go along with this. In 1439, an English cavalry took action against a standing army of an estimated 20,000 to 25,000 foot soldiers in France. And nowhere have I been able to find out what the year 1453 means as the end of the war. The peace was never signed. The misery of the war, the sacrifices and reparations were entirely borne by the French people. France was in a deep economic crisis. 'Plantagenet' was called the English management of French domains; the precursor of colonial company. English rule was extended through a network of marriages. And so this company also obtained the English throne in 1485. This was followed by the marriage of the Duke of Burgundy to the Princess of Aragon; the beginning of the Spanish period, which is called 'la Reconquista' (the reconquest). What happened to Jews and Moors was not said.

1431 –  Eugene (reformer); 1447 –  Nicolaus (beneficial); 1455 – Callistus (?) 1458 – Pius (pious); 1464 – Paulus (preacher) – 1471

1471 – Sixtus (ecclesiastical); 1484 – Innocent (uninhibited); 1492 – Alexander (power); 1503 – Pius (pious); 1503 – Julius (doing justice) – 1513

1513 – Leo

'Renaissance' and 'Reformation' were in line with this. Neither of them reflected on Jewish existence anymore. Luther was an Augustinian; he translated the Bible on behalf of his superior for the purpose of theology and thus over the heads of ordinary people. His “Edict of Worms” in 1521 ended the priestly rule of Pope Leo X. And this begins the Spanish era. Its sound was contributed by a Dutch bishop. It was a sober and stern sound, which corresponded with what we also know of the Spanish King Philip. It did not endear itself to Rome, because the Medici family ruled there. Pope Clement VII, however, was born into this very family; His benevolence towards the disadvantaged tells us even more.

1522 – Hadrian (enforcer); 1523 – Clemens (clement); 1534 – Paulus (preacher); 1549/50 – Julius (doing justice) – 1555

1555 – Marcellus (warrior); 1555 – Paul (preacher); 1559 – Pius (pious); 1565/66 – Pius (pious) 1572 – Gregory (sacral) 1585

1585 – Sixtus (ecclesiastical); 1590 – Urban (for the world);1590 – Gregory (sacral); 1591 – Innocentius (uninhibited); 1591

1592 – Clemens (clement); 1605 – Leo XI (lion) – 1605

Pope 'Hadrian' crowned Charles V Emperor of Spain in defiance of English resistance. Pope Paul strengthened the authority of Rome; among other things, by renewing the cardinal's college and introducing a list of prohibited books. 'Piety' was propagated during this time; the congregation of 'Jesuits' was founded at this time (1540). This is also the time of 'the Council of Trent', where between the years 1545 and 1563 the entire Roman church faith was discussed again and established as high. This was followed by the spread of the faith across the sea. But that still means that the name 'Paul' is not familiar to us Catholics. Only 'Julius' speaks to us. 'Marcellus' was only pope for 20 days. And in fact, the name 'Pius' also remains strange to us, despite its frequent appearance even into our own time. Gregorian' has a lot to do with spiritual development and lifestyle. And with 'Sixtus' the old right of church building comes to the fore again. All this contributed to the priestly rule of Pope Leo XI in the year 1605.

1605 – Paulus (preacher); 1621 – Gregory (sacral); 1623 – Urbanus (for the world); 1644 – Innocentius (uninhibited) 1655

1655 – Alexander (power); 1667 –  Clemens (clement); 1669/70 –  Clemens (clement); 1676 – Innocentius (uninhibited) –  1689

1689 – Alexander (power); 1691 – Innocentius (uninhibited); 1700 – Clemens(clement); 1721 – Innocentius (uninhibited) – 1724

1724 – Benedict (eloquent); 1730 – Clemens (clement); 1740 – Benedict (eloquent); 1758 – Clemens (clement); 1769

1769 – Clemens (clement); 1774/75 –  Pius (pious); 1799/1800 – Pius (pious); 1823 – Leo XII (lion); 1829

This is what papal authority had to offer during the time of the 'French Enlightenment' and subsequently the 'French Revolution'. Freedom, equality, fraternity'; they are not the words of a revolution, but the last words of Jewish-believing humanity in its demise. The 'French Enlightenment' preceded it: People listen anyway; humanity was created for good! We don't have to be told; each of us has an equal right to exist. We do not recognize privilege; society consists in brotherhood; live in solidarity. These words need no further explanation; they are clear in themselves. The problem is that people who are spiritually trained simply cannot accept this. It can't be that simple for us. Yes, we too are stuck with our ideas. They are also quite questionable, but this must be justified. Moreover, for us Westerners, religion is not connected to the earth, but by definition to our spiritual thinking that is attuned to the kingdom of heaven; and consequently still upon our own supreme knowledge.

However, it is no longer strange for people involved in the prison system to doubt its usefulness. The opening of the 'Bastille', the state prison of Paris, on July 14, 1789, was the only act taken by the Jewish freedom movement. This had been thought about for a long time and by many Jewish generations. This is also what we must start with if we want to prove that every human being has the right to live. And this requires a common attitude of unconditional readiness for fraternal solidarity. Priests (Jacobins) at that time turned to the appropriate judicial authority (inqusition) of the Church, the monastery of the Dominicans also in Paris. There it was decided in a dignified manner and on the basis of ecclesiastical existence (Robespierre) to behead the secular authority. Its implementation was left to the people. The deportation of the Jewish people was left to 'the Lion of Naples' (Napoleon); the manpower needed for this can be derived from any ecclesiastical existence, even if it is of questionable quality (Bonaparte). In my opinion, much has been left to people's imagination about the implementation of church decisions; which is expressed in drawings and paintings, but little is recorded in writing. And with 'the battle of Waterloo' in 1813, it was prevented that any of the performers could ever tell the story.

The fact is that the 'Jewish-Gallic religious community' existed once and no longer. The first half of the 19th century was dominated by 'the Restoration'. The aim was not innovation, but recovery. England was in the lead. The divisions of Western Europe were confronted. Boundaries were drawn. And each country was given its own constitution, its own head of state with a defense army and a population administration with associated civil service. All this was introduced from above as self-evident and was probably accepted as such. Because participation from below was also organised; with what we know as our parliamentary system. As the most democratic, we still cherish it.

1829 –  Pius (pious); 1830/31 – Gregory (sacral); 1846 –  Pius (pious); 1878 –  Leo XIII (lion) – 1903

When the political foundation had been laid, Pope Gregory as she had once existed with Gregorius in connection with 'England'. The dogma of papal infallibility was added in 1852. But after this 'Catholic emancipation' also emerged. It was not in line with a high-level spiritual authority. Believing Catholic was and still is simple; focused on fellow human beings. For Catholics, faith is not a science; nevertheless decisive for our lives. For the answer to the question 'what should we do?', we can only turn to our fellow man. We are originally evangelical and therefore Jews. Higher authority is not necessary for us; we trust in 'the Father'. And the papal authority ruled in our favor; meaningless and misleading as it is in the crime that we thought we could overcome in our youth.

1903 – Pius (pious); 1914 – Benedict (eloquent); 1922 – Pius (pious); 1939 – Pius (pious) 1958 – John XXIII (theosophical) – 1963